Infarto agudo al miocardio secundario a disección coronaria espontánea biarterial: reporte de un caso y revisión de literatura / Acute myocardial infarction due to spontaneous two vessel coronary artery dissection

Resumen: La disección coronaria espontánea ha surgido como una causa interesante y poco reconocida de síndrome coronario agudo no aterosclerótico. Ocurre más frecuentemente en mujeres jóvenes, donde de forma importante puede asociarse a anomalías arteriales no coronarias. La clave para un tratamiento oportuno es el diagnóstico precoz que impida su evolución a cuadros más severos. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 36 años con un síndrome coronario agudo secundario a una disección coronaria espontánea bi-arterial que evolucionó de forma grave a una insuficiencia cardíaca aguda. El objetivo es informar un cuadro poco usual y proporcionar evidencia que respalde el cómo debe enfrentarse.

Abstract: Spontaneous coronary dissection is an important cause of acute non-atherosclerotic coronary syndrome. It occurs more frequently in young women, often without significantly associated coronary arterial anomalies. Early diagnosis is a key to prompt treatment, in order to prevent severe complications. We report the case of a 36-year-old woman with an acute coronary syndrome secondary to spontaneous bi-arterial coronary dissection progressing to severe acute heart failure. A discussion of the management of this condition is included.

Etiología del acúfeno pulsátil. Caso clínico / Etiology of pulsatile tinnitus. Case report

Resumen El acúfeno es un síntoma relativamente frecuente en una consulta de otorrinolaringología. Se han descrito interacciones en las células ciliadas externas o internas, desequilibrios en el balance de las fibras aferentes y fenómenos de reorganización cortical tras lesiones periféricas que están involucrados en un 90%-95% de las causas del acúfeno. El restante 5%-10% está constituido por un tipo de acúfenos llamados objetivos, que no comparten estos mecanismos fisiopatológicos, sino que se originan en alguna estructura del organismo generalmente ajena a la vía auditiva y estimulan el aparato auditivo igual que lo haría un sonido del exterior. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 52 años remitido al Servicio de Otorrinolaringología de nuestro hospital por acúfeno pulsátil de meses de evolución, sin asociar hipoacusia, ni vértigo, ni otra sintomatología.

Abstract Tinnitus is a relatively frequent symptom in an otolaryngology consultation. Interactions in external or internal hair cells, imbalances in the afferent fiber balance and cortical reorganization phenomena after peripheral injuries have been described in 90%-95% of the causes of tinnitus. The remaining 5%-10% is comprised of a type of tinnitus called objective, which do not share these pathophysiological mechanisms, but originate from some structure of the body generally external to the auditory pathway and stimulate the auditory apparatus just as a sound from the exterior. We present the case of a 52-year-old man referred to the Otolaryngology service at our hospital for pulsatile tinnitus of months of evolution, with no hearing loss, vertigo, or other symptoms associated.

Enfermedad arterial periférica y diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 en atención primaria / Peripheral arterial disease and diabetes mellitus type 2 in the primary care

Objetivo: Caracterizar la enfermedad arterial periférica en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e identificar su relación con variables sociodemográficas y clínicas. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo en 252 pacientes con diabetes melltus tipo 2. A todos se les midió el índice de presiones tobillo-brazo, para caracterizar la enfermedad y se les aplicó el cuestionario de Edimburgo. Las variables: índice de presiones tobillo-brazo, edad, sexo, años de evolución de la diabetes, factores de riesgo cardiovascular, claudicación intermitente. Resultados: La frecuencia del índice de presiones tobillo-brazo bajo fue de 37,2 por ciento (n= 99). Los factores asociados fueron el sexo, la edad, la hipertensión arterial y los años de evolución de la diabetes. El cuestionario de Edimburgo presentó una sensibilidad de 44,4 por ciento y una especificidad de 71,9 por ciento para detectar enfermedad arterial periférica sintomática. Conclusiones: La enfermedad arterial periférica se encuentra infradiagnosticada a pesar de la elevada frecuencia del índice de presiones tobillo-brazo bajo en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2; en Honduras hay escasa información, dado que no se implementan los métodos diagnósticos de manera rutinaria en pacientes con factores de riesgo para desarrollar la enfermedad, hasta que se encuentra muy avanzada. Hay relación directa de esta enfermedad con la edad, el sexo femenino, el tiempo de evolución de la diabetes mellitus y la hipertensión arterial. El cribado sistemático a través del índice tobillo-brazo identifica más individuos de alto riesgo candidatos a un control intensivo de sus factores de riesgo cardiovascular y facilita la búsqueda activa de enfermedad vascular en otros territorios(AU)

Objective: To characterize the peripheral arterial disease in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and to identify its relation with socio-demographic and clinical variables. Methods: A descriptive study in 252 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. To all of them it was measured the ankle-brachial pressure index to characterize the disease and it was applied the Edinburgh questionnaire. The variables were: ankle-brachial pressure index, age, sex, years of evolution of diabetes, cardiovascular risk factors, and intermittent claudication. Results: The frequency of the ankle- upper arm pressures index was 37.2% (n=99). The associated factors were sex, age, hypertension and the years of evolution of diabetes. The Edinburgh questionnaire had a sensitivity of 44.4 percent and a specificity of 71.9 percent to detect symptomatic peripheral arterial disease. Conclusions: Peripheral arterial disease is underdiagnosed in spite of the high frequency of the of ankle- upper arm pressure index in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2; in Honduras, there is scarce information since there are not routinely implemented the diagnostic methods in patients with risk factors for developing the disease, until it is very advanced. There is a direct relation of this disease with the age, the female sex, time of evolution of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. The systematic screening through the ankle-brachial index identifies more high-risk individuals which are candidates for intensive control of cardiovascular risk factors and it facilitates the active search of vascular disease in other territories(AU)

Application of Cervical Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Adults with Moderate to Profound Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Preliminary Study

Abstract Introduction The cochlea and the vestibular receptors are closely related in terms of anatomy and phylogeny. Patients with moderate to profound sensorineural hearing loss (MPSHL) should have their vestibular organ functions tested. Objective To evaluate the incidence of vestibular abnormalities in patients with MPSHL and to study the correlation between the etiology of hearing loss (HL) and a possible damage to the labyrinth. Methods A case-control retrospective study was performed. In the case group, 20 adults with MPSHL of known etiology were included. The control group was composed of 15 adults with normal hearing. The case group was divided into 4 subgroups based on the etiology (bacterial meningitis, virus, vascular disease, congenital). Cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) were used to rate the saccular function and lower vestibular nerve. Results The study was performed in 70 ears, and it highlighted the presence of early biphasic P1-N1 complex in 29 (71.5%) out of 40 ears in the study group, and in all of the 30 ears in the control group (p = 0.001). Regarding the presence or absence of cVEMPs among the four subgroups of patients with MPSHL, the data were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The comparison between the latencies and amplitude of P1-N1 in case and control groups from other studies and in the four subgroups of cases in the present study did not detect statistically significant differences. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that patients with MPSHL have a high incidence of damage to the labyrinthine organs, and it increases the current knowledge about the etiopathogenesis of sensorineural HL, which is often of unknown nature.

Vascular calcification and growth arrest specific protein 6 levels in chronic renal failure / Calcificación vascular y detención de crecimiento de proteína específica 6 niveles en insuficiencia renal crónica

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of mortality and morbidity in chronic renal failure. It's known that vascular calcification (VC) and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) are strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases. Growth arrest specific protein 6 (Gas6) is a vitamin K-dependent protein and regulates various processes such as proliferation, cell survival, migration and inflammation. Gas6 is known to protect endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells against apoptosis by inhibiting Bcl-2 induced Caspase 3 activation. The relationship between Gas6 and cardiovascular diseases has been demonstrated in many mouse models and cell cultures. However, there are conflicting reports whether Gas6 levels are increasing or decreasing in human studies of diabetic and/or chronic renal failure. In present study the aim was to examine plasma Gas6 levels and its relation with CIMT and coronary artery calcification score (CACS) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. METHODS: Total of 137 patients of which 32 chronic hemodialysis and 105 predialysis patients as well as 73 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Human Gas6 levels in serum samples were studied by ELISA method. CIMT was measured by ultrasonography. CACS was measured by multislice computed tomography. RESULTS: The mean age was 54.37±16.61 years in dialysis group, 55.20±14.80 years in predialysis group and 53.26±9.04 years in control group. Serum creatinine was 0.78±0.16 mg/dl in the control group and 1.96±1.64 mg/dl in the predialysis group and 5.94±1.55 mg/dl in the dialysis group. 24 hours urine protein levels were significally higher in the dialysis group than the predialysis and the control group. CIMT values were similar in predialysis and dialysis groups. These values were significantly higher than the control group. Although CACS was higher in dialysis group than predialysis and control group, the results were not statistically significant since the distribution range was very wide. Gas6 was 98.84±53.32 ng/mL in the control group and statistically higher than the dialysis (63.85±38.92 ng/mL) and the predialysis groups (54.96±38.49 ng/mL) (p=0.001). Gas6 levels were lower in diabetic patients than non-diabetics (53.69±35.26 ng/mL, 69.26±47.50 ng/mL, p=0.023, respectively). Negative correlation was detected between Gas6 and age, BMI, CACS, carotid IMT and proteinuria. In the logistic regression analysis, Gas6 remained significantly associated with BMI, CIMT and proteinuria. CONCLUSION: In our study, a negative correlation of Gas6 with BMI, CACS, CIMT and proteinuria and lower Gas6 levels in diabetic patients support that decreased Gas6 levels in chronic renal failure may have a role in vascular calcification through altered glucose tolerance, chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and increased apoptosis. Our study has an importance because it is the first study showing a relation between Gas6 and proteinuria, CACS and carotid IMT in patients with chronic renal failure

INTRODUCCIÓN: La enfermedad cardiovascular es la principal causa de mortalidad y morbilidad en la insuficiencia renal crónica. Se sabe que la calcificación vascular (CV) y el grosor de la íntima-media de la carótida (CIMT, por sus siglas en inglés) están vinculados de forma muy estrecha con enfermedades cardiovasculares. La proteína específica del gen 6 de la detención de crecimiento (Gas6) es una proteína dependiente de la vitamina K y regula diversos procesos, como la proliferación, la supervivencia celular, la migración y la inflamación. La proteína Gas6 es conocida por proteger las células endoteliales y las células musculares lisas vasculares contra la apoptosis mediante la inhibición de la activación de la caspasa-3 inducida por la proteína Bcl-2. Se ha demostrado la relación entre la Gas6 y las enfermedades cardiovasculares en muchos modelos de ratones y cultivos celulares. Sin embargo, existen informes contradictorios acerca de si los niveles de Gas6 aumentan o disminuyen en estudios de humanos con insuficiencia renal crónica y/o diabética. En este estudio, el objetivo fue examinar los niveles plasmáticos de Gas6 y su relación con el CIMT y la puntuación de calcificación de las arterias coronarias (CACS, por sus siglas en inglés) en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Un total de 137 pacientes fueron incluidos en el estudio, de los cuales 32 estaban en hemodiálisis crónica, 105 en prediálisis, y 73 pacientes representaban controles sanos. Se esudiaron los niveles de Gas6 en muestras de suero mediante el método ELISA. El CIMT se midió por medio de ecografía. La CACS se midió mediante tomografía computarizada multicorte. RESULTADOS: La edad media fue de 54,37 ± 16,61 años en el grupo de diálisis; 55,20 ± 14,80 años en el grupo de prediálisis, y 53,26 ± 9,04 años en el grupo de control. La creatinina sérica fue de 0,78 ± 0,16 mg/dl en el grupo de control; 1,96 ± 1,64 mg/dl en el de prediálisis, y 5,94 ± 1,55 mg/dl en el de diálisis. Las concentraciones de proteína en orina de 24 horas fueron significativamente más altas en el grupo de diálisis que en los de prediálisis y control. Los valores del CIMT fueron similares en los grupos de prediálisis y de diálisis. Estos valores fueron considerablemnete más altos que en el grupo de control. Aunque la CACS fue más alta en el grupo de diálisis que en los otros dos, los resultados no fueron estadísticamente significativos, ya que el rango de distribución fue muy amplio. La proteína Gas6 fue de 98,84 ± 53,32 ng/ml en el grupo de control y estadísticamente más alta que en los grupos de diálisis (63,85 ± 38,92 ng/ml) y de prediálisis (54,96 ± 38,49 ng/ml) (p = 0,001). Los niveles de Gas6 fueron más bajos en los pacientes diabéticos que en los no diabéticos (53,69 ± 35,26 ng/ml; 69,26 ± 47,50 ng/ml, [p = 0,023], respectivamente). Se detectó una correlación negativa entre la proteína Gas6 y la edad, el IMC, la CACS, el CIMT y la proteinuria. En el análisis de regresión logística, la Gas6 se mantuvo estrechamente relacionada con el IMC, el CIMT y la proteinuria. CONCLUSIÓN: En nuestro estudio, la correlación negativa de Gas6 con IMC, CACS, CIMT y proteinuria, y los niveles más bajos de Gas6 en pacientes diabéticos sustentan la idea de que la disminución de los niveles de Gas6 en la insuficiencia renal crónica puede jugar un papel en la calcificación vascular a través de la tolerancia alterada a la glucosa, la inflamación crónica, la disfunción endotelial y el aumento de la apoptosis. La importancia de nuestro estudio radica en que es el primero que muestra una relación entre la Gas6 y la proteinuria, la CACS y el CIMT en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica

New determinants for casual peripheral mechanism of neurogenic lung edema in subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ischemic degeneration of vagal nerve, kidney and lung circuitry. Experimental study

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate whether there is a relationship between renal artery vasospasm related low glomerular density or degeneration and neurogenic lung edema (NLE) following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methods: This study was conducted on 26 rabbits. A control group was formed of five animals, a SHAM group of 5 to which saline and a study group (n=16) injected with homologous blood into the sylvian cisterna. Numbers of degenerated axons of renal branches of vagal nerves, atrophic glomerulus numbers and NLE scores were recorded. Results: Important vagal degeneration, severe renal artery vasospasm, intrarenal hemorrhage and glomerular atrophy observed in high score NLE detected animals. The mean degenerated axon density of vagal nerves (n/mm2), atrophic glomerulus density (n/mm3) and NLE scores of control, SHAM and study groups were estimated as 2.40±1.82, 2.20±1.30, 1.80±1.10, 8.00±2.24, 8.80±2.39, 4.40±1.14 and 154.38±13.61, 34.69±2.68 and 12.19±1.97 consecutively. Degenerated vagal axon, atrophic glomerulus and NLE scores are higher in study group than other groups and the differences are statistically meaningful (p<0.001). Conclusion: Vagal complex degeneration based glomerular atrophy have important roles on NLE following SAH which has not been extensively mentioned in the literature.

Complicaciones vasculares durante la trombectomía mecánica en el ictus agudo, una experiencia multicéntrica en España / Vascular Complications during Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Stroke, a Multicentric Experience in Spain

Objetivo Determinar la frecuencia de las complicaciones observadas durante la trombectomía en el ictus isquémico agudo. Materiales y Métodos Se revisó de forma retrospectiva las trombectomías realizadas en nuestra institución cuando los ictus isquémicos tuvieron una indicación de tratamiento endovascular. Se registraron los diferentes dispositivos utilizados en ese periodo de tiempo y si presentaron relación con el desarrollo de las complicaciones inmediatas mediante arteriografía. Resultados De un total de 228 casos, se registraron complicaciones en el 16,6% de los casos. Se identificaron embolias (n » 31), hemorragias subaracnoideas (n » 2), hemorragia gangliobasal (n » 1), vasoespasmo (n » 1), disección (n » 1) y peusoaneurismas (n » 2). La embolia a nuevos territorios se presentó solo en 5 casos. Discusión El tratamiento endovascular ha demostrado ser efectivo para la recanalización en oclusión de gran vaso. El uso de dispositivos presume un riesgo por la manipulación de los vasos. Conclusión La embolia fue la complicación más frecuente. El tratamiento endovascular en el ictus genera un desenlace clínico favorable de los pacientes, al mismo tiempo, el bajo porcentaje de complicaciones que encontramos no suponen una afectación negativa en el desenlace final.

Purpose To determine the complications we observed during thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke. Materials and Methods We reviewed retrospectively thrombectomies performed in our institution when endovascular treatment for stroke was done. The different devices used in this period of time were recorded and we determined if these were related to the development of immediate complications duringthe procedure visualized in arteriography. Results We had 228 cases, complications were found in 16.6% of the cases. Embolisms (n » 31), subarachnoid hemorrhages (n » 2), gangliobasal hemorrhage (n » 1), vasospasm (n » 1), dissection (n » 1) and peusoaneurysms (n » 2) were identified. 5 embolisms happened to new territories during thrombectomy. Discussion Endovascular treatment has been shown to be effective for recanalization in large vessel occlusion. The use of devices presumes a risk for the manipulation of the vessels. Conclusion Embolism was the most frequent complication. The endovascular treatment in the acute stroke produces a favorable clinical outcome of the patients and we found a low percentage of complications that would not suppose a negative affectation in the final outcome.

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus and varicella zoster virus vasculopathy / Herpes zoster ophthalmicus e vasculopatia por vírus varicella zoster

ABSTRACT Herpes zoster (HZ) corresponds to the reactivation of varicella zoster virus (VZV). Among adults, the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve is one of the most common sites of involvement. Vasculopathy caused by HZ is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, affecting structures such as the brain, which can lead to stroke. In this review, we analyzed the epidemiological and clinical aspects of the vascular involvement of VZV, focusing on the peculiarities of its association with ocular HZ. A review of the available literature indicated that ocular involvement of HZ was a risk factor for vasculopathy after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, indicators of metabolic syndrome, and vascular and heart diseases. Considering the severity of this complication, vascular disease mediated by VZV requires early diagnosis and aggressive treatment. Finally, the anti-HZ vaccine has been recommended as a prophylactic measure in the elderly, but it should be used with caution in immunocompromised individuals.

RESUMO Herpes zoster (HZ) corresponde à reativação do vírus varicela zoster (VVZ) e, entre os adultos, o envolvimento da divisão oftálmica do nervo trigêmeo é um dos locais mais comuns A vasculopatia associada ao HZ é uma complicação dotada de grande morbimortalidade e afeta diferentes estruturas, favorecendo, inclusive o acidente vascular cerebral. Nesta revisão analisamos aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos da vasculopatia mediada pelo VZV, bem como as peculiaridades relacionadas com o HZ ocular. De acordo com dados disponíveis na literatura, o acometimento ocular pelo HZ mostrou ser um fator de risco para vasculopatia após se ajustar para idade, sexo, índice de massa corporal, tabagismo, indicadores da síndrome metabólica, doença vascular e cardiopatias. Em face da gravidade dessa complicação, a doença vascular mediada pelo VZV requer diagnóstico precoce e tratamento agressivo. A vacina anti-HZ tem sido recomendada profilaticamente em idosos, mas deve ser usada com cautela em indivíduos imunocomprometidos.

Complicações cardíacas em cirurgia vascular / Cardiac complications in vascular surgery

CONTEXTO: Aproximadamente 60% dos pacientes portadores de doença arterial oclusiva crônica periférica têm doença coronariana grave, sendo que a principal causa de morte no pós-operatório de cirurgia vascular de grande porte é o infarto agudo do miocárdio. OBJETIVOS: Determinar a prevalência da doença coronariana em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia vascular eletiva de grande porte e sua relação com as complicações cardiológicas pós-operatórias. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 200 pacientes submetidos a cirurgia vascular arterial eletiva: doença obstrutiva carotídea, aortoilíaca e femoropoplítea distal e doença aneurismática de aorta abdominal e de artérias ilíacas. Os pacientes constituíram três grupos: grupo I, sem doença coronariana; grupo II, com doença coronariana assintomática; e grupo III, com doença coronariana sintomática. As complicações cardiológicas consideradas foram infarto agudo do miocárdio fatal e não fatal, insuficiência cardíaca congestiva, choque cardiogênico, fibrilação atrial aguda e outras arritmias. RESULTADOS: Complicações cardíacas ocorreram em 11 pacientes (5,5%): três infartos agudos do miocárdio não fatais (1,5%) sempre em pacientes do grupo III. A complicação cardíaca mais frequente foi arritmia (exceto fibrilação atrial) ocorrida em cinco (2,5%) pacientes, sendo três do grupo II. A mortalidade precoce foi de nove pacientes (4,5%). Apenas uma morte foi decorrente de problema cardíaco: choque cardiogênico em paciente do grupo III. CONCLUSÕES: A doença coronariana não foi preditora de óbito nos pacientes submetidos a cirurgia vascular periférica de grande porte. A sobrevida dos pacientes com ou sem doença coronariana não mostrou diferenças estatísticas.

BACKGROUND: Approximately 60% of patients with chronic occlusive peripheral arterial disease have severe coronary disease and the principal cause of death during the postoperative period after major vascular surgery is acute myocardial infarction. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of coronary disease among patients scheduled for elective major vascular surgery and its relationship with postoperative cardiological complications. METHODS: A total of 200 patients who underwent elective vascular arterial surgery for obstructive carotid disease, aortoiliac and distal femoropopliteal disease and aneurysmal disease of the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries were analyzed. These patients were allocated to three groups: group I, free from coronary disease; group II, asymptomatic coronary disease; and group III, symptomatic coronary disease. The cardiological complications analyzed were fatal and nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, cardiogenic shock, acute atrial fibrillation and other arrhythmias. RESULTS: Cardiac complications occurred in 11 patients (5.5%): three nonfatal acute myocardial infarctions (1.5%), all in patients from group III. The most common cardiac complication was arrhythmia (excluding atrial fibrillation) in five (2.5%) patients, three from group II. Early mortality was nine patients (4.5%). Just one death was caused by a cardiac problem: cardiogenic shock in a patient from group III. CONCLUSIONS: Coronary disease was not predictive of death among patients who underwent major peripheral vascular surgery. There were no statistical differences in survival between patients with or without coronary disease.

Pretibial mucinosis in an euthyroid patient

Abstract A case of exuberant pretibial mucinosis in a patient with normal thyroid function is reported. A review of literature on possible etiologies other than thyroid disease for the accumulation of mucin in the pretibial area is presented. In the patient described, it is possible that vascular insufficiency is involved. However, this is not the only factor responsible for the accumulation of mucin, since there are still unidentified causes and many patients with vascular diseases do not develop similar injuries.

Factors Affecting Length of Hospital Stay and Mortality in Infected Diabetic Foot Ulcers Undergoing Surgical Drainage without Major Amputation

This study aimed to investigate factors affecting length of hospital stay and mortality of a specific group of patients with infected diabetic foot ulcer who underwent surgical drainage without major amputation, which is frequently encountered by orthopedic surgeons. Data on length of hospital stay, mortality, demographics, and other medical information were collected for 79 consecutive patients (60 men, 19 women; mean age, 66.1 [SD, 12.3] yr) with infected diabetic foot ulcer who underwent surgical drainage while retaining the heel between October 2003 and May 2013. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine factors affecting length of hospital stay, while multiple Cox regression analysis was conducted to assess factors contributing to mortality. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR, P=0.034), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level (P=0.021), body mass index (BMI, P=0.001), and major vascular disease (cerebrovascular accident or coronary artery disease, P=0.004) were significant factors affecting length of hospital stay, whereas age (P=0.005) and serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level (P=0.024) were significant factors contributing to mortality. In conclusion, as prognostic factors, the length of hospital stay was affected by the severity of inflammation, the recent control of blood glucose level, BMI, and major vascular disease, whereas patient mortality was affected by age and renal function in patients with infected diabetic foot ulcer undergoing surgical drainage and antibiotic treatment.

Relationship between pseudoexfoliation syndrome and erectile dysfunction: a possible cause of endothelial dysfunction for development of erectile dysfunction

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES) is a common age-related fibrillopathy related to accumulation of pseudoexfoliation material (PEM) in certain places in the body, especially blood vessels. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is another condition related to vascular pathology and in this study it is aimed to identify the relationship between ED and PES.

Estenosis crítica de conducto hepático común por anillo vascular: reporte de un caso / Common bile duct stricture caused by vascular ring: A case report

Introduction: The most common congenital malformations of the bile duct are biliary atresia and choledochal cyst. In addition, the most common liver anatomical variation is the right hepatic artery aberration. The goal of this study is to characterize a patient with this disease and propose the hepatoduodenal anastomosis as surgical treatment. Case report: One-month-old patient with suspected congenital biliary atresia due to progressive jaundice and acholia since birth. Liver tests consistent with a cholestatic pattern and brain MRI scan consistent with biliary atresia. Periods of decreased bilirubin and sporadic slight pigmentation of depositions were described. The surgical finding was a bile duct stricture due to a vascular ring caused by aberrant right hepatic artery. Resection of bile duct and hepatic-duodenal bypass were performed. The patient evolved satisfactorily from this condition. Conclusion: There are few reports of biliary obstruction due to vascular malformations. It is important to keep in mind that not all neonatal jaundice episodes are caused by biliary atresia or choledo-chal cyst. The clinical course, laboratory tests and imaging should be considered and in the case of suspicion, further exploration should take place.

Introducción: Las malformaciones congénitas de la vía biliar más frecuentes son la atresia de vías biliares y quiste de colédoco. Por otro lado, la variante anatómica hepática más común es la aberración de la arteria hepática derecha. El objetivo es caracterizar un paciente portador de esta patología y plantear la hepato-duodeno anastomosis como tratamiento quirúrgico. Caso clínico: Paciente de 1 mes de edad, con sospecha de Atresia de Vía Biliar congénita por ictericia progresiva y acolia desde recién nacido. Pruebas hepáticas concordantes con un patrón colestásico y resonancia magnética compatible con atresia de vías biliares. Evolucionó con períodos de descenso de bilirrubina y leve pigmentación, esporádica, de deposiciones. El hallazgo quirúrgico fue una estenosis crítica de vía biliar a nivel del conducto hepático común debido a un anillo vascular por una arteria hepática derecha aberrante. Se realizó una sección de vía biliar y una derivación hepato-duodenal. Evolucionó con una resolución completa de su patología. Conclusión: Existen pocos reportes de obstrucción de vía biliar por malformaciones vasculares. Es importante tener presente que no todas las ictericias neonatales son por atresia de vías biliares o quiste de colédoco. Se debe considerar la evolución clínica, laboratorio e imágenes, y si existen sospechas, explorar.

Quality of life assessment of patients with and without venous ulcer / Avaliação da qualidade de vida de pacientes com e sem úlcera venosa / Evaluación de la calidad de vida de pacientes con y sin úlcera venosa

OBJECTIVES: to compare the quality of life of patients with chronic venous disease with and without ulcer and to identify the most affected aspects. METHOD: cross-sectional study with a sample of 204 patients with chronic venous disease. The quality of life was assessed with the help of the SF-36 questionnaire. To compare the scores between the groups, the Mann-Whitney test was used, considering a statistically significant difference when p<0.05. RESULTS: the quality of life score of patients with ulcer was lower when compared to that of patients without ulcer, in all domains and dimensions of the SF-36, particularly in the domains physical aspect and functional capacity, with very low scores. CONCLUSION: all aspects of quality of life were more compromised in people with ulcers. These findings can contribute towards a better understanding of the effects of chronic venous disease on the quality of life and towards a better orientation of therapeutic interventions in this population. .

OBJETIVOS: comparar a qualidade de vida de pacientes com doença venosa crônica com e sem úlcera e identificar quais os aspectos mais afetados. MÉTODO: estudo com desenho transversal e amostra de 204 pacientes com doença venosa crônica. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada pelo questionário SF-36. Para comparação dos escores entre os grupos, utilizou-se o teste Mann-Whitney, considerando-se diferença estatisticamente significativa para p<0,05. RESULTADOS: o escore de qualidade de vida dos pacientes com úlcera foi menor, comparado ao escore dos pacientes sem úlcera, em todos os domínios e dimensões do SF-36, com destaque para os domínios aspecto físico e capacidade funcional, que foram muito baixos. CONCLUSÃO: todos os aspectos da qualidade de vida estavam mais comprometidos nas pessoas com úlcera. Estes achados podem contribuir para melhor compreensão dos efeitos da doença venosa crônica na qualidade de vida e melhor direcionamento das intervenções terapêuticas nessa população. .

OBJETIVOS: comparar la calidad de vida de pacientes con enfermedad venosa crónica con y sin úlcera e identificar cuales los aspectos más afectados. MÉTODO: estudio con diseño trasversal y muestra de 204 pacientes con enfermedad venosa crónica. La calidad de vida fue evaluada mediante el cuestionario SF-36. Para comparar los scores entre los grupos, fue utilizada la prueba Mann-Whitney, considerando diferencia estadísticamente significativa para p<0,05. RESULTADOS: el score de calidad de vida de los pacientes con úlcera fue menor comparado al score de los pacientes sin úlcera, en todos los dominios y dimensiones del SF-36, destacándose los dominios aspecto físico y capacidad funcional, que fueron muy bajos. CONCLUSIÓN: todos los aspectos de la calidad de vida estaban más comprometidos en las personas con úlcera. Estos hallazgos pueden contribuir hacia la mejor comprensión de los efectos de la enfermedad venosa crónica en la calidad de vida y la mejor orientación de las intervenciones terapéuticas en esa población. .

Prevalencia de anemia drepanocitica en población de la comunidad de San Juan, Yoro / Prevalence of sickle cell disease in population of the community of San Juan, Yoro

La anemia drepanocitica es una hemoglobinopatía hereditaria, considerada un trastorno recesivo autosómico, se caracteriza por producción de hemoglobina defectuosa. Objetivo: establecer la prevalencia de anemia drepanocitica y algunas características de las personas que la padecen en la comunidad de San Juan, Yoro. Material y Métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal; la población fue de 488 personas y la muestra de 220. La unidad de estudio fue seleccionada aleatoriamente. El estudio se desarrolló en tres momentos; Fase I: comprendió la organización de material y reactivos necesarios para realizar la prueba de inducción de drepanocitos. Fase II: incluyó la recepción de muestras, homogenización de las mismas con ayuda de un mezclador hematológico y la realización de hemograma completo, así como el montaje de la prueba de inducción de drepanocitos y observación microscópica de la prueba realizada. Fase III: comprendió el reporte de resultados en boletas de exámenes. Para la recolección de datos el grupo de trabajo se capacitó para la toma de la muestra de sangre, misma que fue realizada por un microbiólogo del Hospital Escuela Universitario. Se elaboró y aplicó a la muestra poblacional un instrumento tipo encuesta, con preguntas abiertas y cerradas. Resultados: la prevalencia de anemia drepanocitica fue de 10.4%, la relación femenino/masculino fue 1:1.3; la edad de los positivos fue: 10 de 16-45(43.5%), años 8 de 6-15(34.8%) años y 5(21.7%) de 46 y más. El 30.4% de la población con anemia perniciosa, poseían escolaridad de secundaria incompleta y el 26.1% percibían ingresos económicos. Conclusión: La prevalencia de la enfermedad encontrada es similar con la registrada por la Secretaría de Salud, predominó en el sexo masculino y se encontró en población mayor de 50 años, lo que podría indicar que la esperanza de vida ha mejorado en las personas con anemia drepanocitica...(AU)

Hemicorea vascular: caso clínico y revisión / Vascular hemichorea: case report and review

La corea es una rara complicación de las lesiones vasculares cerebrales isquémicas o hemorrágicas y aunque las manifestaciones clínicas son variables, habitualmente se afecta un único hemicuerpo, en cuyos casos la lesión se encuentra en el hemisferio cerebral contralateral. A pesar de que la remisión espontánea es la norma, el tratamiento sintomático en ocasiones es requerido. El caso es un paciente masculino de 58 años de edad, con hipertensión arterial sin tratamiento, obesidad tipo II, consumo de 6 cajetillas de cigarrillos al año e ingesta moderada de alcohol. El paciente inició enfermedad actual tres días previos a acudir al servicio de emergencias, cuando presentó movimientos involuntarios incesantes en miembro superior izquierdo y pie ipsilateral, persistiendo durante el día y observables durante la noche, sin limitación del movimiento voluntario. El examen físico no presentó alteraciones adicionales a los movimientos coreiformes; exámenes pertinentes de laboratorio no alterados. Se realizó resonancia magnética de cerebro revelando hiperintensidad en región talámica posterolateral derecha consistente con enfermedad cerebrovascular isquémica. Se indicó tratamiento sintomático y para patologías de base. El caso es importante por la baja prevalencia y escasos estudios publicados actualizados inherentes al origen vascular de la hemicorea para diagnóstico, pronóstico y tratamiento.

Chorea rarely complicates ischemic or hemorrhagic cerebral vascular lesions. Clinical symptoms usually involve one side of the body while the injury is situated on the contralateral cerebral hemisphere. Spontaneous remission is the norm, but sometimes symptomatic treatment is required. A 58-year-old male patient who suffers from untreated high blood pressure, type II obesity, smokes 6 packs of cigarettes per year and has a moderate intake of alcohol is presented. The patient’s recent history began three days before he appeared at the Emergency Department. His symptoms were ceaseless, involuntary movements in his left arm and foot during day and night with no restriction of voluntary movements. Physical examination and laboratory tests revealed no other findings. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed hyperintensity in the right posterolateral thalamic region consistent with ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Symptomatic therapy was indicated and his underlying conditions were addressed. The importance of this case lies on the low prevalence as well as the scarcity of publications regarding vascular causes of hemichorea, including diagnosis, therapy and prognosis.

Alteracoes vasculares em rins de doadores falecidos retardam a recuperacao da funcao do enxerto apos o transplante renal / Vasculopathy in the kidney allograft at time of transplantation delays recovery of graft function after deceased-donor kidney transplantation

Objetivo: Analisar as características do doador de múltiplos órgãos, incidência e duração da função retardada do enxerto (FRE), e seu impacto na função renal no primeiro ano após o transplante. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, unicêntrico, observacional, analisando os transplantes renais com doador falecido realizados em 2010 no nosso serviço. Resultados: A taxa de FRE foi de 68%, com mediana de duração de 12 dias (variação, 1-61 dias). Quarenta e quatro (38%) pacientes apresentaram FRE com 12 ou mais dias de duração (FRE prolongada). A idade média dos doadores foi de 43 ± 13 anos e 37% deles eram hipertensos. Em 59% dos doadores, a causa da morte foi acidente cerebrovascular, e o tempo de isquemia fria (TIF) médio foi de 23 ± 5 horas. Os receptores tinham idade média de 51 ± 15 anos, tempo em diálise de 43 meses (variação, 1-269) e 25% eram sensibilizados (PRA > 0%). No modelo de regressão logística multivariada, a presença de vasculopatia na biópsia de captação foi o único fator de risco independente para o desenvolvimento de FRE prolongada [OR 3,6 IC 95% (1,2-10,2), p = 0,02]. Os pacientes com FRE prolongada apresentaram pior função renal 1 ano após o transplante em comparação com os pacientes sem FRE (SCr 1,7 vs. 1,3 mg/dL, respectivamente, p = 0,03). Conclusão: A presença de vasculopatia na biópsia de captação foi identificada como fator de risco independente para o desenvolvimento de FRE prolongada. A FRE prolongada foi associada com pior função renal no 1º ano após o transplante. .

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of donor and recipient characteristics on duration of delayed graft function (DGF) and 1-year serum creatinine (SCr), as a surrogate endpoint for allograft survival. Methods: We reviewed 120 first cadaver kidney transplants carried out consecutively at our center to examine the effect on 1-year SCr of the presence and duration of DGF. Results: DGF rate was 68%, with a median duration of 12 days (range, 1-61). Forty-four (38%) patients presented DGF lasting 12 or more days (prolonged DGF group). Mean donor age was 43 ± 13 years, 37% had hypertension and in 59% the cause of brain death was cardiovascular accident. The mean cold ischemia time was 23 ± 5 hours. Twenty-seven (23%) donors were classified as expanded-criteria donors according to OPTN criteria. The mean recipient age was 51 ± 15 years. The recipients median time in dialysis was 43 months (range, 1-269) and 25% of them had panel reactive antibodies > 0%. Patients with prolonged DGF presented higher 1-year SCr in comparison with patients without DGF (1.7 vs. 1.3 mg/dL, respectively, p = 0.03). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the only significant factor contributing to the occurrence of prolonged DGF was the presence of vascular lesions in the kidney allograft at time of transplantation (HR 3.6, 95% CI 1.2-10.2; p = 0.02). Conclusion: The presence of vasculopathy in the kidney allograft at time of transplantation was identified as an important factor independently associated with prolonged DGF. Prolonged DGF negatively impacts 1-year graft function. .

Pseudoaneurismas: quando e como tratá-los / Pseudoaneurysms: when and how to treat them / Pseudoaneurismas: Cuándo y Cómo Tratarlos

Pseudoaneurismas são complicações vasculares cada vez mais frequentes numa época em que a Medicina Intervencionista avança e mostra um significativo aumento dos seus procedimentos, sejam eles diagnósticos ou terapêuticos. Esta revisão busca definir essa patologia de maneira adequada, mostrando suas complicações, discorrendo sobre as várias formas de diagnóstico (clinico, US, Tomografia Computadorizada, Ressonância Magnética e Angiografia), bem como os vários tipos de tratamento propostos, (Expectante, Cirúrgico, por Compressão, Endovascular, com Injeções de Trombina e Salina). Este artigo, revendo os vários tipos de tratamento, avalia suas indicações, contraindicações e complicações, dando ênfase ao tratamento percutâneo com injeção de trombina.

Psudoaneurysms are vascular complications increasingly common at a time when the interventionist medicine progresses and shows a significant increase of its procedures, whether diagnostic or therapeutic. This review seeks to define this condition appropriately, showing its complications, discussing the various forms of diagnosis (Clinical, US, CT, MRI and Angiography), as well as the various types of treatment proposed (Expectant, Surgical, by Compression, Endovascular, with Injections of Thrombin and Salina); this article, reviewing the various types of treatment, assesses their indications, contraindications and complications, emphasizing the percutaneous treatment with thrombin injection.

Los pseudoaneurismas son complicaciones vasculares cada vez más frecuentes en una época en que la Medicina Intervencionista avanza y muestra un significativo aumento de sus procedimientos, sean ellos diagnósticos o terapéuticos. Esta revisión busca definir dicha patología de manera adecuada, mostrando sus complicaciones, reflexionando sobre las distintas formas de diagnóstico (clínico, US, Tomografía Computada, Resonancia Magnética y Angiografía), así como también los distintos tipos de tratamiento propuestos, (Expectante, Quirúrgico, por Compresión, Endovascular, con Inyecciones de Trombina y Salina). Este artículo, reviendo los distintos tipos de tratamiento, evalúa sus indicaciones, contraindicaciones y complicaciones, dando énfasis al tratamiento percutáneo con inyección de trombina